12 Towns in Illinois With Rich History
Illinois has a wealth of historical and cultural heritage dating back to pre-colonial periods. After its discovery in 1673, it joined the Union in 1818 to become the 21st American state. Illinois has undergone a momentous evolution through the years, from a humble frontier along the Mississippi River to an economic powerhouse with bustling cities and towns. This fascinating past is stored in small rural locations through unique landmarks, well-preserved sites, and long-held traditions.
Many of the small towns in Illinois harbor vibrant historic districts that transport travelers to the state's formative years. They are riddled with museums, art centers, and inns occupying old-world structures with distinct architectural styles. Whether a history buff or not, visitors can look forward to an engaging experience while exploring the tales, myths, and legends that birthed the Prairie State. Here are some of the most historically rich destinations in Illinois.
Galena
About 580 acres of this small northwest Illinois locality are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, showing the wealth of history in Galena. The town is best recognized for being the home of President Ulysses S. Grant and other Civil War generals. You can find this famous town landmark and what remains of the president’s legacy at the U.S. Grant Home State Historic Site. The Washburne House State Historic Site is another excellent site to visit for a deeper dive into Galena’s past. This gorgeous Greek-Revival building was completed in the 1840s and is designated an Illinois State Historic Site.
When not stepping back into the bygone eras of the town, you can chill at Grant Park to enjoy a serene outdoor space with stunning city views. For accommodations, lodge in the state’s oldest operating hotel. The DeSoto House Hotel first opened its doors in 1855 and continues to impress guests with its rustic charm and well-preserved antiques.
Alton
Alton’s mark in history is stamped by many things, including being home to the world’s tallest man, Robert Wadlow, and the mythical man-eating bird, the Piasa. This small riverside community was also the site of the final debate between Abraham Lincoln and Douglas. You can learn more about the legendary Native American bird at the Piasa Bird monument, where two murals of the creature were painted on cliff faces overlooking the Mississippi River. Another noteworthy site to check out, the Lovejoy State Memorial, honors the life of Elijah Parrish Lovejoy, who championed the rights of free speech and the abolition of slavery.
Alton’s proximity to the Mississippi River accords visitors with exciting water adventures, accessible at the Alton Marina. Rent a sailboat to get on the water or relax at its surreal picnic areas while soaking in the scenes. Lastly, art lovers can admire some intricate handmade creations at Mississippi Mud Pottery, which also make an excellent souvenir.
Long Grove
Long Grove takes great pride in its history, and the town’s folk goes above and beyond to preserve this intimate part of their heritage, which is evident when strolling through Historic Downtown Long Grove. Featuring a secluded atmosphere and quiet cobblestone streets, the charming corridor hosts a mix of businesses with enticing offerings. If visiting with children, entertain them at the Sock Monkey Museum, where they will be amused by the Guinness World Records certified the largest collection of handmade sock monkeys in the world.
But you can’t overlook the different outdoor adventures in Long Grove, with sites like Buffalo Creek Forest Preserve presenting exciting opportunities for hikers, bikers, and cross-country skiers. The beautiful nature space also hosts a reservoir for fishing enthusiasts and the chance to spot local wildlife. Alternatively, you can visit the Reed-Turner Woodland Nature Center for more fun in the open spaces.
Bishop Hill
Bishop Hill delights with a mix of historical landmarks that showcase its deep European heritage. This small Henry County village was founded by Swedish immigrants fleeing religious intolerance. Highlights include the Bishop Hill State Historic Site, an open-air museum with a vast collection of old paintings by folk artist Olof Krans. Meanwhile, the Bishop Hill Heritage Association offers a vivid perspective into the Swedish immigrant experience in the town. It houses quirky exhibits that let you in on unique history and Swedish culture.
While exploring the quiet town center, there are multiple souvenir shops that you can walk in to find a nice gift. An excellent venue to start souvenir hunting is Bishop Hill Colony Store. Here, you can find Scandinavian gifts and goods, and sample unique local cuisine. Furthermore, Hantverk Galleri offers artsy handicrafts, ranging from mugs and bowls to pottery bowls and garden art.
Arthur
Arthur’s claim to fame lies in being the oldest Amish community in Illinois. The sleepy village hosts about 2,300 residents and provides tourists with an immersive cultural experience. A six-minute drive from the town takes visitors to Illinois Amish Heritage Center, where they can get a rich sense of the Amish lifestyle in a five-acre museum property. More cultural experiences await at Yoder’s Kitchen, a quaint eatery serving the most authentic Amish Country cuisine, including Amish fried chicken.
For some time in the open spaces, the Great Pumpkin Patch is a must-visit in Arthur. This sprawling working farm has beautiful gardens with produce like squash, pumpkins, and gourds. Finally, remember to stop by Yoder’s Lamps Antiques & Collectibles to find a cute souvenir before leaving the town.
Geneva
Geneva’s vibrant downtown is home to an impressive historic district, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The area is riddled with over 100 historic buildings, most noteworthy among them being the Frank Lloyd Wright designed P.D. Hoyt House. Strolling through the town’s iconic Main Street exposes you to beautiful Victorian architecture on a mix of shops, eateries, and museums. At the Geneva History Museum, you will enjoy an informative look into the town’s rich history through a collection of interactive exhibits.
When searching for outdoor pursuits in Geneva, look no further than Fabyan Forest Preserve. This lush nature area along the Fox River charms guests with scenic trails, secluded fishing spots, and fun boating opportunities. While exploring the park, you will encounter the historic Fabyan Windmill, a functional Dutch windmill from the 1850s.
Cahokia
Cahokia’s history dates back to the late 17th century, when French explorers founded a successful trading settlement. As the first permanent European settlement in Illinois, Cahokia is home to captivating historical landmarks, highlighted by pyramid-style earth mounds. At the Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, you can examine over 80 old earth mounds, the largest being the 10-story Monks Mounds, and experience sophisticated Native American civilization at this UNESCO World Heritage Site. Cahokia Courthouse is the state’s oldest courthouse and was built in 1740 by the French.
It spots a distinct French-Canadian architectural style and exhibits relics and artifacts chronicling the town’s history and that of the surrounding area. Another must-see monument in the town is the Jarrot Mansion State Historic Site, completed in 1810 and belonged to Frenchman Nicholas Jarrot. After exploring the historical landmarks in Cahokia, hang out at the relaxed Sandy Ridge Again with a cocktail while listening to some live music.
Edwardsville
Edwardsville hosts a quaint community of about 27,000 and has been ranked among the best small towns in Illinois. Besides several family-friendly adventures to pursue, the town boasts a rich history that takes you back to the 1800s. You can start your look into Edwardsville past at the Colonel Benjamin Stephenson House, an 1820 Federal-style homestead built by the famous Illinois politician. A tour of the home provides a vivid look into the lives of the town residents at the time.
For vacationing families, Edwardsville Children’s Museum delights with hands-on and interactive exhibits, with play areas for kids of all ages. Meanwhile, those who prefer spending time outdoors will fancy the atmosphere in the Watershed Nature Center. This 40-acre preserve houses wetlands, woodlands, prairies, and grassland habitats, with paved walking trails for exploring its tranquil setting.
Ottawa
Ottawa’s historical significance lies in being the host of the first Douglas-Lincoln in the 1850s. This landmark site can be viewed at the Washington Park District, which is also home to several other historic structures. Ottawa’s diverse history takes different facets, and at the Ottawa Historical and Scouting History Museum, you can learn about the town’s proud scouting tradition. Here, you get to browse a nice collection of exhibits, such as photos, uniforms, badges, equipment, and other artifacts honoring the scouting movement. Allen Park presents a charming setting bordering the Illinois River for the outdoor inclined. The area is perfect for relaxing and has a calm atmosphere with stunning water views and amenities like a boat ramp and tennis courts. Also, you can enjoy a range of delicious pastries, cakes, and pies at the popular Ottawa Bakery, which will come in handy after a day full of adventures.
Woodstock
This small town in McHenry County boasts a charismatic Victorian town square that draws admirers from around the state. The Woodstock Square Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and features a mosaic of eateries, antique shops, museums, and art galleries. Highlights include the world-famous Woodstock Opera House, which has captivated audiences since the 1800s by staging moving live performances by leading musicians, actors, and other entertainers.
One of the best times to experience the charm of the town’s historic district is during the Woodstock Folk Festival, when the community comes together to celebrate a long-held tradition in a family-friendly atmosphere. Meanwhile, those who prefer to bask in Mother Nature’s splendor can visit Dufield Pond Conservation Area. Adventurers will find great hiking and fishing opportunities with a sizable bluegill population and largemouth bass.
Paxton
Paxton is a quintessential small town in Ford County that was initially established as a Swedish settlement in the 1800s. This gives it a unique Scandinavian culture, and strolling through the quaint downtown exposes you to a couple of historical gems. For one, the Paxton Carnegie Library is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is an iconic town landmark, established in 1903. The town’s main street also has a unique mix of eateries, boutiques, and entertainment centers. Movie fans can enter Classic Cinemas Cinema 12 Theater to catch the latest Box office production.
Elsewhere, Paxton offers a range of outdoor pursuits to keep tourists entertained. The Paxton Park District ensures there are enough adventures for all ages and preferences. Whether looking to hang out in a shaded picnic zone or walk your dog in the town’s open spaces, Paxton boasts several parklands around the town with distinct amenities.
Effingham
Effingham’s location, at the crossroads of interstates 70 and 57, make it an excellent road trip getaway. The seat of Effingham County is a small community of about 12,500 and served as an essential rail junction during its heyday. A walk around its historic downtown offers a glimpse of old landmarks and structures housing museums, boutiques, and cafes. Some highlights include the 1800s Effingham County Courthouse, which charms visitors with a Second Empire construction design.
Also, the Effingham Performance Center is a favorite stop for tourists and entertains audiences with diverse live performances featuring comedy shows, Broadway musicals, and theater productions. For the outdoorsy traveler, you can visit Tuscan Hills Winery to enjoy a serene setting. The establishment also produces quality wines that you can sample at the venue.
Whichever area of Illinois you choose to visit; chances are you will have a rich historical experience with an interesting look into the state’s past. But there are enough attractions to go around for all types of travelers, whether history buffs, art lovers, or thrill seekers. These small towns in Illinois are the perfect jump off base for uncovering the state's storied past.
