These Towns in Maine Have Rich Cultural Heritage

Once part of neighboring Massachusetts, Maine attained statehood in 1820 but was settled by Europeans as early as the 1600s. Along with its rich Native American past, this 400 years of settlement has led to its being one of the most popular travel destinations in New England for those who enjoy authentic small-town experiences. So popular, in fact, that an estimated 15 million tourists visit the “Pine Tree State” each year, most of them from within the USA.

From postcard-perfect destinations on its rocky, windswept coasts to quaint communities huddled in its densely forested uplands, Maine's most attractive small towns have each contributed greatly to the state's history. Find out more with this list of towns in Maine that have a rich cultural heritage. 

Cape Elizabeth

Cape Elizabeth is located just eight miles south of Portland and was founded in 1765. Named in honor of Princess Elizabeth, King Charles I’s sister, it grew in prominence as a fishing and agricultural hub before becoming a popular New England tourist spot later in the 1800s. Then, as now, the top attractions included Portland Head Light, built in 1791 and one of the oldest surviving lighthouses in the United States.

Commissioned by George Washington, it stands at the entrance of the main shipping channel into Portland Harbor and, along with Fort Williams Park, provides panoramic views of the town’s stunning coastline (some of the best views can be had from a tour of the nearly 80-foot-tall structure). The adjacent old lightkeeper’s residence is now a fascinating maritime museum with displays about the region's maritime past. Other notable attractions include Crescent Beach State Park, a popular spot for swimming, boating, fishing, and photography. 

Stonington

Stonington is an attractive harbor town that epitomizes that quintessential New England charm. Accessible only by ferry, its location on the southern portion of Deer Isle makes it a little tricky to get to, but it’s certainly worth the effort. An amalgamation of the coastal villages of Burnt Cove, Oceanville, Green Head, and Clam City, the area was settled as early as 1762 but was not officially incorporated until 1897. With a permanent population of just over 1,000 residents – a number that swells to over 16,000 in the summer months – fun things to do here include watching the fishing boats come and go from bustling Stonington Harbor as you explore the waterfront area.

Historic landmarks include the Stonington Opera House, built in 1912 and scene of a thriving arts and cultural scene; and the Deer Isle-Stonington Historical Society, a great little museum that preserves the town's rich past through its exhibits and collections. For nature lovers, Stonington serves as the gateway to other parts of Penobscot Bay and is a base from which to explore nearby Isle au Haut.

York

Located along the Gulf of Maine and only an hour’s drive north of Boston, York's history dates back to the early 17th century, making it one of the oldest European settlements in the USA. Among the town's most significant historical points of interest is the Old York Gaol. One of the oldest surviving jails in the country, it was constructed in 1719 and provides a fascinating window into the colonial era's penal system. Another historic jewel in York is the John Sedgley Homestead, built in 1715 and one of Maine's oldest structures (tours are available).

York's interesting maritime heritage is celebrated at Nubble Lighthouse. Also known as Cape Neddick Lighthouse, it was erected in 1879 and boasts a picture-perfect location with spectacular views. The town also features several beaches, including Long Sands and Short Sands Beach, while nearby Mount Agamenticus with its hiking trails and stunning views.

Damariscotta

Only a 45-minute drive southeast of the state capital of Augusta, Damariscotta's Mid-Coast Maine setting has proven a boon to its commercial importance. Known as the oyster capital of New England, this picturesque town is celebrated for its delicious Pemaquid oysters as well as its historic attractions. Popular points of interest in Damariscotta include Chapman-Hall House, which dates back to 1754 and is one of the oldest surviving homes in the region; and the Lincoln Theater, built around 1875 and used for events from classic and indie films to concerts.

Be sure to explore the town’s waterfront area. Here, the Damariscotta River attracts outdoor enthusiasts for activities including boating, fishing, and even oyster farm tours, and is also a great spot to observe harbor seals. A highlight of the Damariscotta social calendar is its annual Oyster Festival, a celebration of the town's maritime heritage and culinary delights held each September.

Rockport

Rockport was first settled in 1769 and known as Goose River Village, a name it kept until 1852. Its current name was chosen to better reflect its growing importance for its limestone mining, used in the construction of countless important buildings across the country. Historic highlights include Rockport Opera House, built in 1891 and considered to have some of the best acoustics in New England; and Aldermere Farm, established in the 1800s and known for its rare Belted Galloway cattle, known affectionately as “Belties.”

In addition to enjoying the views over Rockport Harbor with its fishing- and sailing vessels, boat tours and fishing charters are also available which offer superb views of the Maine coast from the water. One of the quirkier historic sites in town is the statue of Andre the Seal, a harbor seal rescued and raised by a local resident.  

Castine

Castine has done a stellar job of preserving its colonial-era architecture. One of New England's oldest communities, Castine was founded in 1796, over 120 years after the area was originally settled. The town's unique history is marked by its having been controlled at one time or another by the French, Dutch, British, and Americans over the centuries.

This diverse heritage is evident in the architectural styles and cultural landmarks throughout Castine, its streets are lined with historic homes, churches, and buildings dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries. Historic highlights include Fort George, built in 1779 and of strategic military importance during the American Revolution and the War of 1812; and Dyce Head Lighthouse, built in overlooking Castine Harbor in1828. Other notable landmarks include the Abbott School, built in 1859, and Grindle House, built in 1849.

Camden

The small Maine town of Camden certainly lives up to its nickname of the "Jewel of the Coast." First settled in 1769 and incorporated in 1791, this attractive midcoastal town is a popular day trip destination for its attractive harbor area. Camden Harbor provides a picturesque backdrop for the town and serves as a hub for sailing and maritime activities, both for private leisure craft, fishing charters, and boat tours. From here you’re close to historic landmarks including the Camden Opera House, an architectural gem built in the late 19th century that still hosts concerts, plays, and lectures.

The town is also known for its charming downtown area, where visitors can stroll along brick sidewalks and explore an array of boutiques, galleries, and restaurants housed in historic buildings. Nearby Camden Hills State Park is another must-visit and features a network of trails leading to breathtaking views of the harbor and the town.

The Final Word

Maine's small towns are not only among the prettiest in New England, their rich cultural heritage offers a fascinating journey through some of America's most important historical events. From Cape Elizabeth's iconic lighthouses to Stonington's vibrant maritime culture, and from York's colonial legacy to Damariscotta's oyster-rich waters, these seven towns deserve to be explored. Find out more with this list of small towns in Maine that have a rich cultural heritage.