Environment

An area of open water surrounded by sea ice is called a polynya. Polynyas support a wide variety of marine organisms.

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National Wildlife Refuges are protected areas in the United States managed by the USWS and are meant for the conservation of rare and endangered wildlife.

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The Ramsar sites of DRC are vital in the conservation of wildlife of the country, and provide a safe haven to the rare and endangered flora and fauna of DRC.

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Often associated with flashfloods, an arroyo is a stream bed or dry creek that temporarily fills and flows after sufficient rainfall.

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Occurring in polar and subpolar climates, palsas are low ovular frost heaves containing ice lenses which are permanently frozen.

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When magma heats ground or surface water, it results in an explosion of water, steam, rock, and ash, called a phreatic eruption.

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Occurring in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions, an esker is a long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel.

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A cirque, also called a corrie or cwm, is an amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion.

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When two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys, it results in a knife-like, ridge of rock in the center called the Arête.

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The systematic extermination of sparrows in China during the Four Pest Campaign led to large-scale ecological disaster

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When sediments are removed by wind to result in a sandy depression in a sand dune ecosystem, it is called a blowout.

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When closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments cover a desert surface, it results in a desert pavement.

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When a river has a heavy sediment load and steep gradient, a braided channel forms.

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A drainage basin is an area where all surface water converges to a single point at a lower elevation to join another body of water.

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Point Barrow in Alaska is the northernmost point in the country while Northwest Angle is the northernmost point of the 48 contiguous states of US.

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An antipode are two points on the Earth's surface, directly opposite from one another.

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In Arabic and Hebrew, a valley or a dry (ephemeral) riverbed that flows only during the rains is called a wadi.

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Victoria, the smallest mainland state in Australia, contained 2,850 separate protected areas of which 45 are national parks.

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Protected areas in New South Wales occupy a total land area of 6,641,256 hectares, consisting of biodiverse ecosystems.

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South Australia has 353 separate protected areas occupying 19.6% of the state’s area of which 22 are national parks.

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